When Do Banks Have to Send 1099 Forms: January 31 and February 15

Banks have to send most 1099 forms to customers by January 31 of the year after the tax year the income was paid, and when that date falls on a weekend or holiday it slides to the next business day. For tax year 2025 forms, January 31, 2026, is a Saturday, so the effective deadline is Monday, February 2, 2026.¹ Brokerage statements and digital asset reports get more time and follow a February 15 schedule.

The January 31 Deadline

The standard January 31 furnishing date covers the 1099s most bank customers see: Form 1099-INT for interest on savings, checking, CDs, and money market accounts; Form 1099-DIV for dividends; and Form 1099-R for retirement account distributions.¹ Any IRS deadline that lands on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday in the District of Columbia automatically moves to the next business day.² For the 2025 tax year, that pushes the deadline to February 2, 2026.

This is a postmark or electronic-send deadline, not a delivery deadline. If the bank mails your form, allow several business days for it to reach you. Banks can also deliver electronically, but only if you gave explicit consent in a way that confirmed you could access the form in the format offered.³ If you opted in, check the bank’s online portal around the deadline. Paper backups usually don’t go out unless you ask for one or withdraw your electronic consent.

The February 15 Deadline for Brokerage and Digital Assets

Form 1099-B, which reports proceeds from sales of stocks, bonds, options, and other securities, has a February 15 furnishing deadline. The newer Form 1099-DA for digital asset transactions follows the same date.⁴ February 15, 2026, is a Sunday, so the actual deadline is Monday, February 17, 2026. The extra time reflects the complexity of calculating cost basis adjustments across many transactions.

Digital asset reporting is phasing in. For 2025 transactions, brokers report gross proceeds; starting January 1, 2026, they must also report your cost basis.⁵ The IRS has indicated that good-faith reporting during the transition won’t draw penalties for minor errors.

Investment statements covering mutual funds, REITs, or trusts can arrive later still, because final tax characterizations for those holdings sometimes aren’t determined until late February or early March. In those cases, a bank may send a preliminary statement followed by a corrected version once the final numbers are set. If you get a corrected form after filing, file Form 1040-X to amend your return.⁶

Which Form Corresponds to Which Income

Knowing which form to expect helps you tell whether something is actually missing. The form depends on what the bank paid you.

Form 1099-INT

The most common 1099 from a traditional bank. It reports interest on savings, checking, CDs, and money market accounts.⁷ Cash bonuses for opening an account usually show up here, since most banks classify promotional rewards on deposit accounts as interest.

Form 1099-DIV

Banks with investment services issue this when your holdings paid dividends during the year.⁸ The form separates ordinary and qualified dividends, which matters at tax time because qualified dividends are taxed at capital gains rates rather than your ordinary income rate.

Form 1099-B

When you sell securities through the bank’s brokerage arm, Form 1099-B reports proceeds, cost basis, and holding period for covered securities.⁹ There is essentially no minimum: every sale of a covered security is reported, even at a loss.¹⁰

Form 1099-R

If your bank is the custodian of an IRA, pension, or other retirement account, any distribution of $10 or more triggers a 1099-R. This covers traditional IRA withdrawals, Roth distributions, rollovers, and required minimum distributions.¹¹ The distribution code in Box 7 tells the IRS whether the payment was an early withdrawal, a normal distribution, a rollover, or something else, and the tax treatment varies significantly by code.

Form 1099-C

When a bank forgives or cancels $600 or more of debt you owe, it must report the amount on Form 1099-C.¹² Forgiven credit card balances and loans settled for less than the full amount generally count as taxable income. Exceptions exist for insolvency and bankruptcy, but the default rule is that canceled debt reaches your return.

Other Forms

Banks occasionally send Form 1099-NEC if they paid an independent contractor $600 or more for services. If the bank holds your mortgage, it sends Form 1098 documenting mortgage interest paid during the year once the amount reaches $600.¹³

Reporting Thresholds

Not every dollar of income generates a form. The minimums that require the bank to send one are:

Form 1099-INT: $10 or more in interest⁷
Form 1099-DIV: $10 or more in dividends or distributions¹⁴
Form 1099-R: $10 or more in retirement distributions¹¹
Form 1099-B: no minimum; every sale of a covered security is reported¹⁰
Form 1099-C: $600 or more in canceled debt¹²
Form 1099-NEC: $600 or more in payments for services¹⁵

A threshold below which the bank doesn’t have to send a form is not a tax exemption. Earn $8 in interest and no 1099-INT will come, but you still owe tax on the $8. The threshold controls paperwork, not liability.

If a Form Is Missing or Late

If February ends and an expected 1099 hasn’t arrived, start with the bank. Call tax support or customer service, confirm the mailing address on file, and request a duplicate. Most delays come down to address errors or postal issues the bank can fix quickly. If you set up electronic delivery years ago and forgot, the form may already be sitting in the online portal.

If the bank can’t resolve it, call the IRS at 800-829-1040 after the end of February. Have the bank’s name and address, your account number, and an estimate of the income ready. The IRS will contact the bank and request the missing form on your behalf.⁶

A missing form is not a reason to file late. If April 15 comes and the form still hasn’t arrived, use your monthly bank statements to estimate the income and file on time. For a missing 1099-R specifically, you can attach Form 4852 as a formal substitute.¹⁶ For a missing 1099-INT or 1099-DIV, report the income from your own records; no specific substitute form is required. If the correct form arrives later and the numbers differ, amend with Form 1040-X.⁶

If you need more time, Form 4868 gives an automatic extension to October 15.¹⁷ It extends the time to file, not the time to pay. You still have to estimate and pay any tax owed by April 15 to avoid failure-to-pay penalties.

You Owe the Tax Whether the Form Arrives or Not

The bank files its copy of the 1099 with the IRS regardless of whether yours reaches you, and the IRS runs automated matching against what you reported. A mismatch typically produces a CP2000 notice proposing changes to your tax, which you can agree with or dispute by the date printed on the notice.¹⁸ If the IRS catches unreported 1099 income, expect an accuracy-related penalty of 20% on the underpaid portion, plus interest.¹⁹

Internal Revenue Service. General Instructions for Certain Information Returns (2025)

Internal Revenue Service. Publication 509 (2026), Tax Calendars

Internal Revenue Service. Requirements for Furnishing Form 1099-G Electronically

Internal Revenue Service. 2026 Publication 1099 (Draft)

Internal Revenue Service. Final Regulations and Related IRS Guidance for Reporting by Brokers on Sales and Exchanges of Digital Assets

Internal Revenue Service. What to Do When a W-2 or Form 1099 Is Missing or Incorrect

Internal Revenue Service. Instructions for Forms 1099-INT and 1099-OID (01/2024)

Internal Revenue Service. About Form 1099-DIV, Dividends and Distributions

Internal Revenue Service. About Form 1099-B, Proceeds from Broker and Barter Exchange Transactions

Internal Revenue Service. Instructions for Form 1099-B (2026)

Internal Revenue Service. Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498

Internal Revenue Service. About Form 1099-C, Cancellation of Debt