Army MACOM Explained: 3 ACOMs, 7 ASCCs, and DRUs

The U.S. Army’s Major Commands, known as MACOMs, are the top-tier headquarters that report directly to Headquarters, Department of the Army. They fall into three categories: Army Commands (ACOMs), Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs), and Direct Reporting Units (DRUs). After a sweeping 2025 reorganization under the Army Transformation Initiative, the current lineup is three ACOMs, seven ASCCs, and more than a dozen DRUs.¹

What Each Category Does

All three categories report to the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff, and all are led by general officers. What separates them is mission scope.²

Army Commands (ACOMs) are the broadest headquarters. They generate, train, equip, and provide forces, and they run the institutional machinery that turns recruits into soldiers and prototypes into fielded weapons. ACOMs are typically led by four-star generals.
Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs) are the Army’s representatives inside the joint combatant commands. Each ASCC synchronizes land-power planning within a geographic region or a functional domain so Army capabilities plug cleanly into operations alongside the Navy, Air Force, and Marines.
Direct Reporting Units (DRUs) are specialized organizations, such as criminal investigation, engineering, or medical services, that report straight to senior Army leadership rather than routing through an ACOM or ASCC.²

The Three Army Commands (ACOMs)

U.S. Army Western Hemisphere Command (USAWHC)

USAWHC activated on December 5, 2025, at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. It merged three legacy headquarters: U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), U.S. Army North (USARNORTH), and U.S. Army South (USARSOUTH).³ It is now the largest operational command in the Army, providing trained and ready land forces to combatant commanders worldwide while also serving as the Theater Army for both U.S. Northern Command and U.S. Southern Command.⁴

Its portfolio covers homeland defense, defense support of civil authorities during disasters, crisis response across the Western Hemisphere, security cooperation with partner nations in Central and South America, and readiness and mobilization of Reserve Component forces. The 18th Airborne Corps, First Army, and the Air Traffic Services Command all fall under USAWHC, which is working toward full operational capability by summer 2026.⁴ Even though it is classified as an ACOM, its Theater Army role gives it ASCC-like duties for U.S. Northern Command and U.S. Southern Command.

U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command (T2COM)

T2COM activated on October 2, 2025, in Austin, Texas. It absorbed the missions of the former U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC), unifying force generation, force development, and force design under a single four-star headquarters.⁵ The command recruits soldiers, runs basic training and professional military education, develops doctrine, and shepherds new technologies from concept to fielded capability.

Three subordinate commands handle the major workstreams. U.S. Army Recruiting Command manages accessions. Combined Arms Command oversees training and leader development. Futures and Concepts Command drives modernization and force design.⁶ Austin was chosen specifically to position the Army closer to academia, private-sector innovators, and the tech industry.⁷

U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC)

AMC, headquartered at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, runs the Army’s global supply chain. It handles procurement, distribution of equipment, depot-level maintenance, and disposal of obsolete materiel.⁸ AMC also oversees the Organic Industrial Base of 23 depots, arsenals, and ammunition plants that manufacture and repair items the commercial sector cannot easily provide. In early 2026, AMC established an OIB Integration Cell in the Pentagon and an OIB Operations Center at its headquarters to synchronize long-term modernization of those facilities.⁹

The Seven Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs)

ASCCs are paired with Unified Combatant Commands. Three cover geographic regions, and four handle functional domains.

Geographic ASCCs

U.S. Army Central (USARCENT) at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, is the Army component to U.S. Central Command, covering the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia.⁸
U.S. Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR-AF), based in Wiesbaden, Germany, serves as the ASCC for both U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command. III Corps now falls under USAREUR-AF following the 2025 restructuring.⁸
U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, is the ASCC for U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. I Corps now reports to USARPAC as part of the recent realignment.⁸

Functional ASCCs

U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) at Fort Eisenhower, Georgia, is the component to U.S. Cyber Command, running offensive and defensive cyber operations and network security.⁸
U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, is the ASCC for U.S. Special Operations Command. It provides Rangers, Special Forces, and psychological operations units.⁸
U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC) in Huntsville, Alabama, serves as ASCC to both U.S. Space Command and U.S. Strategic Command, handling missile defense and space capabilities.⁸
U.S. Army Transportation Command (ARTRANS) at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, is the ASCC for U.S. Transportation Command. It was redesignated from the Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) in September 2025, and it remains a major subordinate command of AMC.¹⁰

The Direct Reporting Units (DRUs)

As of late 2025, the Army maintains at least 14 DRUs, each handling a specialized function that doesn’t fit under an ACOM or ASCC.¹

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) handles military construction, civil works such as flood control and navigation infrastructure, and environmental restoration.
U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) runs the Army’s health care system, including hospitals, clinics, and medical research.
U.S. Army Human Resources Command (HRC) manages personnel assignments, promotions, and career records.
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) provides intelligence, security, and electronic warfare support.
U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) investigates felony crimes involving Army personnel and operations.
U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) tests and evaluates new weapons, equipment, and systems before fielding.
U.S. Military Academy (USMA), West Point, educates and commissions Army officers.
U.S. Army Military District of Washington (MDW) provides ceremonial support, emergency response, and security in the national capital region.
Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) operates the nation’s premier military cemetery.
U.S. Army Corrections Command (ACC) operates military correctional facilities.
U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC) supports the acquisition workforce and procurement processes.
U.S. Army Audit Agency (USAAA) conducts independent audits of Army operations and finances.
Military Postal Service Agency (MPSA) manages mail delivery to military personnel worldwide.
U.S. Army Joint Counter Small-Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office (JCO) develops and coordinates counter-drone capabilities across the joint force.

The Army Reserve Command is also transitioning to DRU status under the 2025 restructuring, reporting directly to the Chief of Army Reserve.

What Changed in 2025

Until fall 2025, the Army had four ACOMs (FORSCOM, TRADOC, AFC, and AMC) and nine ASCCs. The Army Transformation Initiative collapsed that structure to reduce general officer billets, eliminate bureaucratic layers, and give commanders broader authority. The sequence went quickly.

TRADOC inactivated on September 26, 2025, at Fort Eustis after decades as the Army’s institutional training backbone.¹¹ Army Futures Command, which had existed only since 2018, deactivated on October 2, 2025, and T2COM stood up the same day to absorb both organizations’ missions.⁵ In December, FORSCOM concluded its service at Fort Bragg as USAWHC activated to unify force readiness with hemisphere defense.³

The reasoning behind T2COM is that when TRADOC and AFC existed separately, identifying a future need, developing the requirement, and designing training for it crossed organizational boundaries. Merging them is meant to shorten that cycle. USAWHC addressed a different gap: FORSCOM trained and deployed forces but had no regional combatant command relationship, while USARNORTH and USARSOUTH were small theater commands without FORSCOM’s scale. Combining all three created a single headquarters covering force generation, homeland defense, and engagement across the Americas.

Where Reserve and Guard Forces Fit

The Army National Guard and Army Reserve make up roughly half the total Army force. Under USAWHC, First Army is the primary training and mobilization command for Reserve Component units, partnering with Guard and Reserve formations to prepare them for deployment to combatant commands.¹²

The command relationship over National Guard soldiers shifts with their activation authority. Under Title 10 of the U.S. Code, Guard members serve in a federal active-duty status and fall under the same chain of command as any active-duty soldier. In Title 32 status, they remain under their state governor’s command and control even though their pay and training are federally funded.¹³ That distinction determines who can give Guard units orders during a domestic emergency versus an overseas deployment.

1
Department of the Army. HQDA ACOM ASCC DRU Organization Chart
2
Washington Military Department. Army Regulation 600-20 – Army Command Policy
3
The United States Army. US Army Activates Western Hemisphere Command in Historic Transition Ceremony
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Department of the Army. U.S. Army Western Hemisphere Command Fact Sheet
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Joint Base San Antonio. U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command Activated
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The United States Army. T2COM
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The United States Army. Army Announces Austin as the Home of New Army Futures Command
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Army.mil. The U.S. Army’s Command Structure
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Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. Army Leaders Chart Path to Transform, Sustain OIB
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The United States Army. SDDC Changes Name to U.S. Army Transportation Command
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The United States Army. Turning the Page: TRADOC Inactivation Marks New Chapter in Army Transformation
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Army.mil. First Army
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National Guard Bureau. National Guard Duty Statuses